Plans for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes- A study of Rajnandgaon District

Smt. Anita Meshram

Assistant Professor- Economics, Govt. Naveen Mahavidyalaya, Khursipar, Bhilai, District -Durg (CG)

ABSTRACT:

In Chhattisgarh State Central Governments, State Government, M/o. Tribal Affairs (Janjati Karya Mantralaya) NABARD and Tribal Vikas Pradhikaran (Projects) both communities are faraway from better wel-being and survive under pressure and social tensions.

KEYWORDS: SC, ST and Plans

INTRODUCTION:

Scheduled Castes and Schedule Tribes of the country, still they are getting constitutional safeguards for better living standard, employment, better health care, education etc.

In the country (2011 census) scheduled castes comprised 16.60 percent whereas scheduled tribes formed 8.60 percent. Chhattisgarh State SC accounts for 12.82 percent and ST was 36.88 percent. By and large both communities formed half of the total population.

RESEARCH TECHNIQUE:

The research paper is a part of scholar's Ph.D. work entitled - ' A study of SC/ST economic development in Chhattisgarh with special reference to Rajnandgaon district" 200 SC/ST samples were taken into account.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

(i) To study the bottleneck of economic development programmes in grass - root levels.

(ii) To study the impact of development on educational level, income generation and creation of assets if any under Employment oriented programme like MNERGA Selection of block (Janpad Punchayat)

One block i.e. Chhuikhadan Janpad Panchayat for the intensive study of schedule tribes and Mohala Janpad Panchayat has been considered for scheduled castes population with the guidance of Chief Executive Officer of respective blocks.

Hypothesis :

The following hypothesis have incorporated to justified the study :

(i) SC and ST populations of the district were absent from its goals.

(ii) SC and ST women's were failed to create permanent assets through their participation in Mahatma Gandhi Rural Employment Guarantee Programmes as per provisions of the manual.

(iii) Despite various developmental economic programmes implemental, in the district, the size of BPL families had no positive impact.

The role of education in facilitating social and economic progress is well recognised number of educational plans/schemes were formulated in five year plants to increase the standard and enrolment of SC/ST children in the rural India.

It is revealed from the above table - 1 that in sample Chhuikadan block that 68.0 percent male beneficiaries had no school education. In Mohala block they accounts the 72.0 percent. Further, it is interesting to note that none of the sample SC/ST beneficiaries could not availed the level of 10th standard during study year 2013-14.

In 2004-05 dropouts rate among the SC/ST groups denotes that up to primary level (I-V) total drop rates from SC's was 34.2 and ST accounts for 42.3 (11th plan) in the country.

Scheduled Caste sub-plan and Tribal sub-plan :

The strategy of scheduled caste sub-plan and Tribe sub-plan envisages channelizing an adequate flow of funds are benefits to SC's/ST's from all sectors of development through the Annual Plans of States / UT and the Central Ministries atleast in proportion to their population, both in financial and physical terms.

Special Central Assistance :

The Government of India, in order to enable the State Government / UT Administrations plan and implement the development schemes for the Scheduled Caste population more effectively have been helping them financially giving special central assistance since March 1980.¹

The M/o of Home Affairs being the nodal ministry for tribal development continued to operate the financial supports - SCA in areas where state plan provisions are not forthcoming due to inadequate of provisions in a particular plan sector for any other reason.

Though the State Governments are earmarking funds under SCSP and TSP as per the guidelines, the actual expenditure met under SCSP and TSP is typically way below the desired level of expenditure.

In Rajnandgaon district, during 2007-08, 97-99 percent expenditure on unproductive sector of Scheduled Castes Development Project (SCDP) were observed on construction of Mangal Bhavan and other cultural buildings. During 2011-12 barely 66.22 percent expenditure was recovered on the constructions of cultural bhawans etc.

Special central assistance for Chhuikhadan block, financial allocation was released to Rs.18,27,1700 for various tribal sub-plan, the actual expenditure was 87.08 percent in 2014. The number of the unproductive works as per the progress reports of the Janpad Panchayat Chhuikhadan for May 2014.²

The National Scheduled Tribes Finance and Development Corporation (NSTFDC) was setup in 2001 to provide exclusive boost to the economic development of scheduled tribes.

The eleventh plan outlay under the scheme was Rs.260 crore but no expenditure was made during Annual Plan of 2007-08 and 2009-10.

Employment in MNERGA :

Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act has led to the largest rural employment programme in the country. The programme started in February 2006 in the most backward districts of India.

In Chhattisgarh state, average days of work provided per house hold who got work was 55. The total expenditure under MNERGA in the state during 2008-09 was Rs.1434 crore.³

The share of scheduled case and scheduled tribes families in the work provided under MGNREGA over the precious four years ranged between 51 and 56 percent respectively.

The achievements of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme in Rajnandgaon district has been presented in table-2.

Looking to the performance across in the districts in 2006-07 to 2013-14 the achievements to provide 100 days casual employment is failure. The expenditure is concerned it was below the targets. In many muster rools, delays in large payments have emerged as the most frequently hence complained under MGNREGA.⁴

The national average intensity of work was 48 days (11 th plan). As many as 15 states fall below the national average only 14 percent worker house hold completed 100 days of work.⁵

CONCLUSION:

It is unfortunate that in the country, disadvantage communities viz. scheduled castes and scheduled tribes still struggling for survival. Many socalled economic development programmes formulated for the upliftment of these communities , situation is bad to worse.

A committee was constituted by the department of personnel and training under the chairmanship of secretary to analyze the reasons for less employment of scheduled castes/ scheduled tribes.

M/o Social Justice and Empowerment, Govt. of India, New Delhi revised the budget for 2014-15 for scheduled castes.

(i) Educational Empowerment 3597.71

(ii) Economic Empowerment 1496.87

(iii) Social Empowerment 259.91

(iv) Miscellaneous 45.51

-----------Total Rs. crore 5400.00 -----------

It is said in the M/o Janjati Karya Mantralaya, New Delhi (2014-15) that the budget estimate was tribal sub-plan, Rs.104826 crores will be distributual among the state for well being scheduled tribes.

It is accepted in the 2014-15 report of the Janpat Karya Mantralaya on an average barely Rs 8000.00 was available to per tribal beneficiary per year.

Potential Linked Credit Plan of National Bank for Rural Development (NABARD) during 2015-16 in Rajnandgaon district reports that 80 percent of the rural population lived below the poverty line.⁶

The handsome objectives of scheduled caste sub-plan (SCSP) and Tribal Sub-Plan (TSP) in eleventh five year plan were :

(i) Sub statical reduction in poverty and unemployment of SC and ST's.

(ii) Creation of productive assets in their favour and providing them with livelihood opportunities on a sustainable basis.

(iii) Human Resource Development of SC's and ST's providing adequate educational and health services.

(iv) Provisions of social, physical and financial security to them against all types of exploitation and oppression.⁷

REFERENCES :

1. Social Development Report 2010 council for Social Development 2010, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.

2. Statistics of Chhattisgarh, 2011-12 Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Raipur.

3. Eleventh Five Year Plan 2007-12, Vol II, Social Sector, Planning Commission, Govt. of India, New Delhi, 2008.

4. M/o. Social Justice and Empowerment Deptt., of Social Justice and Empowerment, Govt. of India, Annual Report 2014-15, New Delhi

5. Mid-Term Appraisal, 11th Five Year Plan, 2009-2012. Planning Commission, Govt of India, New Delhi, 2011

6. Potential linked Credit Plan,, Rajnandgaon District, NABARD Regional Office, Raipur Report for 2015-16, Raipur

7. Report of the Commission for SC/ST, Sixth Report, March 1984, New Delhi

Received on 16.03.2016

Modified on 20.04.2016

Accepted on 01.05.2016

Research J. Humanities and Social Sciences. 7(2): April - June, 2016, 107-110

DOI: 10.5958/2321-5828.2016.00018.8